Kids may think their CAT scans involve real cats because of how you talk to them

Clear language is crucial when talking to children: ©Mangostar - stock.adobe.com

A study published in Pediatrics by the University of Minnesota Medical School illustrates the surprising ways children interpret medical terminology, revealing misunderstandings that can lead to confusion or fear. Conducted by the University of Minnesota’s Clear Clinical Communication Research Group, the study underscores the importance of tailoring language to young patients.

The research team conducted their study during the 2023 Minnesota State Fair, surveying children aged 4 to 12 about their understanding of phrases commonly used in medical settings. The findings demonstrate that while some terms were well-understood, others were misinterpreted in ways that highlight a critical gap in communication. For example:

• High comprehension: Children showed a solid grasp of terms like “negative test results,” understanding these to mean that they did not have a condition such as COVID-19 or strep throat.
• Low comprehension: Phrases like “transfer to the floor” and “have surgery come see you” were frequently misunderstood. Only 17% of children correctly interpreted “transfer to the floor,” with many believing it meant they would sleep on the floor. Similarly, just 8% understood “have surgery come see you,” with some assuming they were scheduled for an operation.
• Literal interpretations: Misunderstandings often stemmed from children taking words at face value. For instance, some believed a CAT scan involved actual cats, and the phrase “put to sleep” for surgery led some to equate it with euthanizing a pet, sparking significant distress.

Michael Pitt, M.D., a professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School and pediatric hospitalist with M Health Fairview, pointed out the critical need for clarity. “Unlike adults, kids may be less likely to speak up or seek clarification, meaning these misinterpretations can become their reality,” Pitt said. “This is why it is so important for clinicians to use clear language — even for seemingly simple terms — to reduce fear and improve the child’s medical experience.”

Recommendations for improvement

Based on their findings, the research team advises health care providers to:

1. Avoid medical jargon: Simplify language to ensure clarity.
2. Use developmentally appropriate terms: Tailor explanations to a child’s age and cognitive level.
3. Confirm understanding: Check in with young patients to clarify what they’ve heard and address any misinterpretations.